圆锥形零件冲压成形皱曲破裂成形极限的变化规律性

由外皱曲模型给出外不皱曲判据,依据它可计算出防外皱曲最小压边力的大小,作为防外皱曲的极限判据。由内皱曲模型给出内不皱曲判据,依据它可计算出防内皱曲最小压边力的大小,作为防内皱曲的极限判据。由破裂模型给出不破裂判据,依据它可计算出最大压边力的大小,作为防破裂的极限判据。结合上述外不皱曲判据、内不皱曲判据和不破裂判据,给出圆锥形零件冲压成形的成形判据和圆锥形零件冲压成形皱曲破裂成形极限的变化规律性。它们是材料参数M(n,r,σb,K,E)、设计参数D(D0,δ0,m,Kd,rd)和过程参数P(fb,fd,fα,η)的函数。     

板料成形过程系统分析

此文从系统的角度就板料性能、板料毛坯的展开计算、模具设计与制造、摩擦与润滑、应力应变分析等诸多方面对板料成形过程作了一般分析.可知板料成形过程是一复杂的,需要考虑系统中各个因素之间的相互关系和影响才能得到合理的板料成形件.并从有限元法的角度,建立了板料成形过程模型.     

氨气敏电极法测定大气中氨

以Ｈ２ＳＯ４（０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＮＨ３（１．００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的混合溶液作吸收液，采用气敏电极测定大气中氨，发挥了离子选择电极所具有的快速、灵敏及测定范围宽等优点，保证了大气中低浓度氨测定的准确性和可靠性。实验表明，该方法检测限为０．０１４～０．０１８ｍｇ／ｍ＾２，精密度约为１４．３％（相对标准偏差），回收率在９７％～１０２％之间，经６个月实验室验证的结果，无论是精密度的变异系数或回收率的置信系数     

Driver speed selection on high-speed two-lane highways: Comparing speed profiles between uniform and differential speed limits

Objective: Although a considerable amount of prior research has investigated the impacts of speed limits on traffic safety and operations, much of this research, and nearly all of the research related to differential speed limits, has been specific to limited access freeways. The unique safety and operational issues on highways without access control create difficulty relating the conclusions from prior freeway-related speed limit research to 2-lane highways, particularly research on differential limits due to passing limitations and subsequent queuing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess differences in driver speed selection with respect to the posted speed limit on rural 2-lane highways, with a particular emphasis on the differences between uniform and differential speed limits.

Methods: Data were collected from nearly 59,000 vehicles across 320 sites in Montana and 4 neighboring states. Differences in mean speeds, 85th percentile speeds, and the standard deviation in speeds for free-flowing vehicles were examined across these sites using ordinary least squares regression models.

Results: Ultimately, the results of the analysis show that the mean speed, 85th percentile speed, and variability in travel speeds for free-flowing vehicles on 2-lane highways are generally lower at locations with uniform 65 mph speed limits, compared to locations with differential limits of 70 mph for cars and 60 mph for trucks.

Conclusions: In addition to posted speed limits, several site characteristics were shown to influence speed selection including shoulder widths, frequency of horizontal curves, percentage of the segment that included no passing zones, and hourly volumes. Differences in vehicle speed characteristics were also observed between states, indicating that speed selection may also be influenced by local factors, such as driver population or enforcement.     

混合气体爆炸性现场测试实验研究

为测定现场可燃混合气体的爆炸性,对比分析了国内外实验室爆炸极限的测定装置及爆炸性判定方法,设计研制了混合气体爆炸性现场测试装置。装置实现了爆炸性环境现场的自动采样、超高温点火、高速压力和温度测定及爆炸性自行判定。开展了丙烷、乙烯和液化石油气等典型可燃气体爆炸性实验,提出了基于压力和火焰温度变化相结合的气体爆炸性判定指标,改变了传统目测判定方式。研究结果表明:20 L球和1 L爆炸腔以爆炸压力提升来判定,比管式法测定的爆炸极限范围窄,以压力提升量5%~10%判定较适宜;1 L爆炸腔以爆炸过程温度提升量来判定,爆炸极限范围比以爆炸压力提升量判定宽,与目测观察的管式测定法相比,略宽于管式测定法和大部分文献数据。     

含硫气田恶臭气体阈限值与恶臭强度的关系

介绍了恶臭强度的6级分类法,针对含硫气田典型的5种含硫恶臭化合物,利用韦伯-费希纳公式研究了气体浓度和恶臭强度的关系,计算并分析了我国环境标准和职业卫生标准规定的阈限值对应的恶臭强度。GB/T14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》规定一级厂界浓度标准限值对应的恶臭强度为2.5左右,二级新改扩建厂界标准限值对应恶臭强度为2.8左右。我国国家职业卫生标准GBZ 2.1—2007中规定的含硫恶臭气体职业接触限值对应的恶臭强度均在4以上。     

Reducing the risk of rear-end collisions with infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) integration of variable speed limit control and adaptive cruise control system

Objective: Adaptive cruise control (ACC) has been investigated recently to explore ways to increase traffic capacity, stabilize traffic flow, and improve traffic safety. However, researchers seldom have studied the integration of ACC and roadside control methods such as the variable speed limit (VSL) to improve safety. The primary objective of this study was to develop an infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) integrated system that incorporated both ACC and VSL to reduce rear-end collision risks on freeways.

Methods: The intelligent driver model was firstly modified to simulate ACC behavior and then the VSL strategy used in this article was introduced. Next, the I2V system was proposed to integrate the 2 advanced techniques, ACC and VSL. Four scenarios of no control, VSL only, ACC only, and the I2V system were tested in simulation experiments. Time exposed time to collision (TET) and time integrated time to collision (TIT), 2 surrogate safety measures derived from time to collision (TTC), were used to evaluate safety issues associated with rear-end collisions. The total travel times of each scenario were also compared.

Results: The simulation results indicated that both the VSL-only and ACC-only methods had a positive impact on reducing the TET and TIT values (reduced by 53.0 and 58.6% and 59.0 and 65.3%, respectively). The I2V system combined the advantages of both ACC and VSL to achieve the most safety benefits (reduced by 71.5 and 77.3%, respectively). Sensitivity analysis of the TTC threshold also showed that the I2V system obtained the largest safety benefits with all of the TTC threshold values. The impact of different market penetration rates of ACC vehicles in I2V system indicated that safety benefits increase with an increase in ACC proportions.

Conclusions: Compared to VSL-only and ACC-only scenarios, this integrated I2V system is more effective in reducing rear-end collision risks. The findings of this study provide useful information for traffic agencies to implement novel techniques to improve safety on freeways.     

关于改进非甲烷总烃测定方法的探讨

根据非甲烷总烃排放标准、分析方法和实际监测情况，对非甲烷总烃定义、总烃峰型异常、氧峰干扰、方法检出限测定和采样容器选择等方面存在的问题进行了探讨。结果表明：气态烃的衍生物属于非甲烷总烃，烃的衍生物和色谱柱类型是导致总烃峰型异常的主要原因，使用除烃空气作载气可消除氧峰干扰，非甲烷总烃为差值结果，应按照EPA SW-846标准测定检出限，PVF气袋本底低、气密性和化学惰性好，是最佳的非甲烷总烃采样容器。     

基于上限定理的抗滑群桩设计理论研究

针对抗滑群桩设计理论方面存在的问题,即荷载传递及滑坡推力分配的不确定性,基于极限分析的上限定理,给出了一种抗滑群桩的设计方法,即人为增大第一排抗滑桩的桩间距,并按极限土压力公式设计,作用在第二排抗滑桩上的荷载则按照上限定理给出。根据上述思想,并结合滑坡能量安全系数的定义和多块体体系速度场计算方法,提出了抗滑群桩的一种设计理论。     

新型反应器式BOD快速测定仪的性能研究

BOD是反映水体有机污染的主要参数,广泛应用于水体监测、污水处理厂的运行以及水与废水处理的教学与研究工作。传统的BOD测量需要5天,耗时费力。因此,开发BOD快速测量方法及仪器十分重要。文章针对一种新型反应器式BOD快速测定仪在仪器化过程中需要解决的一些问题进行了探讨。包括固定化微生物颗粒制备、反应温度的优化、有无搅拌条件、仪器性能等。实验结果表明,最适宜的测量温度为30℃,可以利用微量曝气代替磁力搅拌,以方便仪器的制作。在对150mg/L的GGA标准液进行的5次测定实验中,测量结果的最大偏差≤10%,精密度为4.6%。该仪器的灵敏度与准确性均能满足BOD快速测量要求。